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- Radiation Protection Act
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- Links
Laws, reports, studies, guidelines on the subject of NORM
- The following offers a selection of further reading on the subject of "naturally occurring radioactive materials" (NORM).
- Alongside international guidelines and recommendations as well as legal regulations relating to NORM in Germany, investigation reports from research projects in the framework of the German Environmental Research Plan (REFOPLAN) can also be found here.
- Furthermore, we have included in the list of links references to measurement guidance for the monitoring of environmental radioactivity.
Investigation reports from research projects in the framework of REFOPLAN
- Kunze, C., Ettenhuber, E., Schellenberger, A. (2018):
"Ermittlung von potentiellen Strahlenexpositionen durch Ableitungen aus NORM-Industrien" - Gellermann. R., Nickstadt, K., Ahrens, C. (2018):
"Ermittlung und Bewertung der Strahlenexposition an Arbeitsplätzen mit natürlich vorkommenden radioaktiven Materialien (NORM) - Hummrich, H., Schulz, H., Flesch, K., Gellermann, R. (2010):
"Freisetzbarkeit natürlicher Radionuklide aus überwachungsbedürftigen Rückständen mit dem Sickerwasser" (Likely release rates of natural radionuclides into seepage water from residues that require surveillance / Final report from research projects 3607S04552 and 3608S052/1, in German)
- (Volumes of NORM residues for the German waste disposal concept, in German)
- Ermittlung von potentiellen Strahlenexpositionen durch Ableitungen aus NORM-Industrien - Vorhaben 3615S12232 (Investigation of possible radiation expoures due to discharges from NORM industries - Project 3615S12232, in German)
Erfassung und radiologische Bewertung von Hinterlassenschaften mit NORM-Materialien aus früheren Tätigkeiten und Arbeiten einschließlich der modellhaften Untersuchung branchentypischer Rückstände
- Part 1: Historische Recherche zur Ermittlung der radiologischen Relevanz von NORM-Rückständen und Konzepte zur Standortidentifikation (Historical research into determining the radiological relevance of NORM residues and concepts for location identification, in German)
- Part 2: Radiologische Bewertung von NORM-Rückständen (Radiological assessment of NORM residues, in German)
- Part 3a: Bergbauliche Hinterlassenschaften der Steinkohle-Gewinnung (Mining legacies from black coal extraction, in German)
- Part 3b: Industrielle Hinterlassenschaften der Rohphosphat-Verarbeitung (Industrial legacies from rock phosphate processing, in German)
- Part 4a: Orientierende radiologische Untersuchungen an bergbaulichen Hinterlassenschaften der Steinkohle-Gewinnung (Exploratory radiological investigations into mining legacies from black coal extraction, in German)
- Part 4b: Orientierende radiologische Untersuchungen an industriellen Hinterlassenschaften der Rohphosphat-Verarbeitung (Exploratory radiological investigations into industrial legacies from rock phosphate processing, in German)
Methodische Weiterentwicklung des Leitfadens zur radiologischen Untersuchung und Bewertung bergbaulicher Altlasten und Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs –Teil B: Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs auf NORM-Rückstände
- Report I: Vorkommen und Entstehung von radiologisch relevanten Bodenkontaminationen aus bergbaulichen und industriellen Prozessen (The depositing and incidence of radiologically relevant soil contamination from mining and industrial processes, in German)
- Report II: Bericht II: Untersuchung von Modellgebieten (Investigation of model areas, in German)
Legal principles in the subject of NORM
- Act on the Protection Against the Harmful Effect of Ionising Radiation (Radiation Protection Act) / Gesetz zum Schutz vor der schädlichen Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung (Strahlenschutzgesetz - StrlSchG)
- Ordinance on the Protection Against Damage due to Ionising Radiation (Radiation Protection Ordinance) / Verordnung zum Schutz vor der schädlichen Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung (Strahlenschutzverordnung - StrlSchV)
- Federal Ordinance on Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites / Bundes-Bodenschutz-und Altlastenverordnung (BBodSchV) (Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance] (deals with protection from adverse alterations of soil and the rehabilitation of contaminated sites, in German)
- European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- Act to promote circular economy and safeguard the environmentally compatible management of waste (Gesetz zur Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft und Sicherung der umweltverträglichen Bewirtschaftung von Abfällen, Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz - KrWG) (in German)
- Ordinance On The Quality Of Water Intended For Human Consumption / Verordnung über die Qualität von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch (Trinkwasserverordnung - TrinkwV) (in German)
International guidelines and recommendations
Basic standards from the European Union (EU):
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):
Measurement guidance for the monitoring of environmental radioactivity
The Federal Environment Ministry (BMUV) has published "measurement guidelines" for the monitoring of natural environmental radioactivity. These guidelines are available to download from the website of the Federal Environment Ministry.
To implement the Richtlinie zur Emissions- und Immissionsüberwachung bei bergbaulichen Tätigkeiten (REI Bergbau) (Guideline relating to emission and pollution monitoring of mining activities - REI Mining - in German), the "Central offices for radioactivity monitoring issues in areas of increased natural radioactivity" appointed by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) has compiled all relevant measurement processes and guidelines.
State of 2024.04.16