Clarification of a possible link between low-frequency magnetic fields and neurodegenerative diseases

What is the issue?

The aim is to clarify whether people with greater exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields are more frequently affected by neurodegenerative diseases. These diseases affect the central nervous system – i.e. the brain and spinal cord – or the peripheral nervous system – i.e. the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord – and lead to the degeneration and subsequent death of nerve cells. This process impairs brain function, resulting in disturbances in memory or dementia, for example. The locomotor system can also be affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

What is the current situation?

Observational studies in humans (epidemiological studies) have previously been carried out in addition to animal experiments in order to examine in greater detail whether magnetic fields can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological analyses have revealed a weak, but consistent link between exposure to magnetic fields and Alzheimer’s dementia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for occupationally exposed persons. So far, animal experiments have been unable to confirm a link between increased exposure to magnetic fields and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there is no conclusive explanation of how this effect could come about.

What are the objectives of the BfS research projects?

The aim is to clarify whether there is a possible link between neurodegenerative diseases and magnetic fields or electric shocks. To this end, the epidemiological data of previously completed studies will undergo pooled analysis and meta-analysis in order to investigate a potential link. If a link is confirmed, animal and cell-culture studies will be conducted to investigate whether the diseases are actually caused by exposure to magnetic fields. Researchers will then also look for possible mechanisms of action.