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Nuclear Safety > Decommissioning
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Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
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(Source of picture: EWN GmbH)
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After final shut down of a nuclear facility preparatory works for decommissioning are carried out during the post operational phase. The following decommissioning requires a comprehensive licensing process which
includes an environmental impact assessment as well as aspects of
radiological protection.
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Decommissioning Strategies
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In Germany, the following fundamental decommissioning strategies are applied:
- Direct dismantling:
This strategy involves the dismantling of a nuclear facility and the release from nuclear regulatory control.
- Safe enclosure:
This strategy involves transforming the nuclear facility into an almost maintenance-free
condition followed by the later dismantling and release from nuclear regulatory control.
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Technical Aspects of Decommissioning
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 A good amount of experience is available in Germany from previous work on
decommissioning of nuclear facilities. This applies e. g. to
decontamination and dismantling techniques as well as radiation protection.
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Legal Aspects of Decommissioning
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In Germany all aspects of the peaceful use of nuclear energy are regulated in the Atomic Energy Act, which also includes the basic legal conditions for the decommissioning
of nuclear facilities.
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International exchange of experiences on the topic of decommissioning
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Various international organisations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) based in Vienna , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) based in Paris or, in Europe, the European Commission (EC) and the Western European Nuclear Regulators' Association (WENRA) have set up information exchange programmes in terms of decommissioning.
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Decommissioning: Residue and Waste Management
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Both radioactive residues and deinstalled or dismantled radioactive plant components are the result of decommissioning a nuclear facility. According to § 9a of the Atomic Energy Act these must either be recycled safely (e.g. cleared or reused in another facility licensed under atomic or radiation protection legislation), or disposed of correctly as radioactive waste.
Various disposal routes exist for residues and waste materials.
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