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Ionising Radiation > Consumer Goods, Industry, Technology
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X-ray scanner for the screening of cabin baggage at airports
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 In Germany, the use of X-ray scanners for the screening of cabin baggage at airports is justified under the legal basis of the binding Regulation 2320/2002 of the European Parliament concerning civil aviation security. The devices have to undergo a primary inspection as well as regular control checks in order to ensure that in the vicinity of the devices, where employees or other persons may linger, the dose limit for a single person of the general public (including pregnant women and children) is not exceeded, even during a permanent stay (full text in German only).
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Safety of sealed radioactive sources in Germany
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 About 100.000 sealed radioactive sources are used in Germany in industry, medicine, research and in agriculture. The most common areas of use for sealed sources in industry lie in the fields of calibration, material testing, product irradiation and sterilisation as well as fill level and density measurement. Sealed sources in medicine are primarily used in radiation therapy and blood irradiation. The most commonly used radionuclides in these sources are cobalt-60, iridium-192, caesium-137, strontium-90 or americium-241.
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Type approval of ionising smoke detectors (ISM)
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 Ionising smoke detectors (ISM) are equipments that contain radioactive materials, mostly Americium-241. The radiation of the radioactive material ionizes the air located in the smoke detectors. The induced ionisation current changes if smoke aerosols entered the ISM. This is used to create a smoke alarm. Generally, the operation of ISM requires a licence, except ISM are type approved. To achieve a type approval it´s necessary comply specific requirements of radiation protection, as the limits of radiation dose rate (full text in German only).
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Radioactive substances in watches
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Among others, luminous paints are used in watch dials to ensure that they can also be recognised in the dark. The luminous paints are stimulated to glow by a radioactive substance. Until well in the 60ties, the luminous dials of wrist watches and alarm clocks were marked with radium(Ra-226)- or promethium (Pm-147)-containing luminous paints. Such watches are no longer produced today. This is not so much due to the radiation exposure to the persons wearing the watches but to the radiological risk for the persons manufacturing them.
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