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Disposal > Waste
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Waste
The Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) is responsible for radioactive waste disposal in Germany. From this responsibility results the necessity of sufficient knowledge of the volumes to be disposed of.
Since 1984, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (prior to 1989 the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB) has been determining the stock of radioactive waste. Furthermore, the stock of spent fuel elements is being taken. To be able to plan disposal, the BfS additionally has been making forecasts as to the volumes of radioactive waste arising in future.
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Waste types
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At the international level there are numerous options to classify radioactive waste. Classification of the waste depends on the planned way of disposal (deep geological formations or near the surface) or the necessary handling of the waste.
On account of the dose rate one frequently differentiates between high-level radioactive waste (HAW), intermediate-level radioactive waste (MAW) and low-level radioactive waste (LAW).
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Waste producers
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The largest part of radioactive residues and radioactive waste produced in Germany arise in connection with energy generation in nuclear power plants,
in research and development, in the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities, in the industry and small amounts in the medical field.
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Abfallbestand
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Radioaktive Abfälle werden für die Endlagerung und die Zwischenlagerung entsprechend den jeweiligen Anforderungen behandelt. Man unterscheidet zwischen Abfällen, die bereits in einem Zustand sind, der eine Endlagerung nach einer gegebenenfalls noch erforderlichen Verpackung in die entsprechenden Endlagerbehälter erlaubt (konditionierte Abfälle), Zwischenprodukten sowie unbehandelten Reststoffen.
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Return and return transport
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Since 2005 no more transports of German fuel elements for reprocessing have taken place, as this has been legally prohibited since 1 July 2005. Until then approximately 6,670 tonnes of heavy metal (uranium and fission products of the spent fuel elements) had been taken to reprocessing plants.
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Forecasts for future waste volumes
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In order to be able to plan a repository the waste being produced in future needs to be forecast according to waste type (heat-generating radioactive waste/radioactive waste with negligible heat generation). Key factors are, among others the planned end of the use of nuclear energy for power generation, which limits the waste volume to be stored in terms of quantity and time, the extent of research relating to the use of nuclear energy, the end of reprocessing abroad.
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