Navigation and service

Basic knowledge of transfer of electrical power

Where do electric and magnetic fields come from? How does long-distance power transmission work? What is the difference between overhead power lines and under-ground cables in terms of radiation protection? Please refer to the articles below to find more about the basics on electrical power transmission.

high-voltage power line on a field

What are high-voltage lines?

The electricity supply at home has a voltage of 230 volts (230 V). However, much higher voltages are used to deliver electricity to homes. Overhead lines carry up to 380.000 volts (380 kV) to transport electricity from power stations to towns and urban centres.

Magnetic flux density (Picture has long description)

Field strain due to high-voltage lines

High-voltage lines can either be designed as overhead lines above ground or as cables laid underground. In both cases electric and magnetic fields are produced but their exposures in the vicinity differ.

Electric field

Electric and magnetic fields

In Germany power distribution is mostly operated at a frequency of 50 hertz, also referred to as low frequency. When talking about radiation protection regarding transport of power from the producer to the user knowledge of electric and magnetic fields, is a prerequisite.

High-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC)

To date, electric energy has been transmitted from the power plant to the consumer almost exclusively through high-voltage lines carrying alternating current at a frequency of 50 hertz. High-voltage direct current technology is now also to be used for expanding the power grid in the course of the energy transition. For technical and economic reasons, this technology is preferably utilised for connecting grid interface points far away from each other.

Site information and functions

© Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz